Yönelme Durumu – The Dative Case (The Case of Direction)
The Dative Case (case of direction) answers the questions:
Where to? – nereye?
To whom? – kime?
To what? – neye?
It indicates direction towards someone or something.
The dative case is formed by adding the stressed suffix -e or -a, depending on the rules of vowel and consonant harmony.
| a, ı, o, u | e, i, ö, ü | |
| stem ending in a consonant | -a | -e |
| stem ending in a vowel | -ya | -ye |
ev → eve – to home / going home
okul → okula – to school / going to school
If the suffix is added to a word ending in a vowel, the consonant “y” is inserted before the suffix.
Examples:
araba → arabaya – into the car
Ali → Ali’ye – to Ali
Ankara → Ankara’ya – to Ankara
Особисті займенники в давальному відмінку
| Personal Pronoun | Dative Case | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| ben | bana | to me |
| sen | sana | to you (singular) |
| o | ona | to him / her / it |
| biz | bize | to us |
| siz | size | to you (plural / formal) |
| onlar | onlara | to them |
suffix -a
| Nominative Case | Dative Case | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| okul | okula | to the school |
| kitap | kitapa | to the book |
| oda | odaya | to the room |
| araba | arabaya | to the car |
suffix -e
| Nominative Case | Dative Case | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| şehir | şehire | to the city |
| ev | eve | home / to the house |
| elma | elmaya | to the apple |
| ülke | ülkeye | to the country |
When is -ya / -ye added?
If the word ends in a vowel, the buffer consonant -y- is inserted between the stem and the suffix:
- oda → odaya (a + a → insert -y-)
- elma → elmaya
- ülke → ülkeye
Suffix -a
Examples:
- Okula gidiyorum. → I’m going to school.
- Kitaba bakıyorum. → I’m looking at the book.
- Odaya gir. → Enter the room.
- Arabaya biniyoruz. → We are getting into the car.
Suffix -e
Examples:
- Şehre taşındık. → We moved to the city.
- Eve dönüyorum. → I’m returning home.
- Elmaya uzandı. → She reached for the apple.
- Ülkeye giriş yaptık. → We entered the country.
Common Turkish Verbs That Require the Dative Case
| Turkish Verb | English Meaning |
|---|---|
| gitmek | to go |
| gelmek | to come |
| bakmak | to look (at) |
| girmek | to enter |
| koymak | to put |
| binmek | to get on (transport) |
| anlatmak | to explain |
| kızmak | to get angry (at someone) |
| sormak | to ask |
| vermek | to give |
| inanmak | to believe |
| söylemek | to say / to tell |
| izin vermek | to allow / to permit |
| yardım etmek | to help |
| bağırmak | to shout (at) |
| aşık olmak | to fall in love (with) |
| yazmak | to write |
| güvenmek | to trust |
| başlamak | to start |
| söz vermek | to promise |
| engel olmak | to hinder / to obstruct |
| karışmak | to interfere (in/with) |
| sevinmek | to rejoice / be glad |
| üzülmek | to be upset / saddened |
Examples
Ben işe gidiyorum. – I am going to work.
O, annesine gitti. – He went to his mother.
Akşam saat yedide eve geldim. – I came home at 7 in the evening.
Herkes bana bakıyordu. – Everyone was looking at me.
Çocukların hepsi arabaya bakıyordu. – All the children were looking at the car.
Birden odaya bir adam girdi. – Suddenly, a man entered the room.
Kitapları şu rafa koy. – Put the books on that shelf.
Gece ikide otobüse bindik. – We got on the bus at 2 a.m.
Ben bu konuyu size anlatmıştım. – I had already explained this topic to you.
Selma böyle şeylere çok kızıyor. – Selma gets very angry at such things.
Babası ona çok kızmış. – His father got very angry at him.
Sen öğretmene sormadın mı? – Didn’t you ask the teacher?
Sedat kalemi Ali’ye vermiş. – Sedat gave the pen to Ali.
Mehmet bize inanmıyor. – Mehmet doesn’t believe us.
Ben bu tür şeylere inanamıyorum. – I can’t believe in such things.
Ben sana söylemiştim. – I told you.
Öğretmen ona izin vermemiş. – The teacher didn’t allow him.
O, bana izin vermez. – He doesn’t allow me.
Biz her zaman yaşlılara yardım etmeliyiz. – We should always help the elderly.
Ömer sana neden bağırdı? – Why did Ömer shout at you?
İzzet Gönül’e âşık olmuş. – İzzet fell in love with Gönül.
Ben de anneme mektup yazıyordum. – I was writing a letter to my mother too.
Bu elmalarI kardeşine götür. – Take these apples to your brother.
Beni her sabah babam okula götürüyor. – Every morning, my dad takes me to school.
Halil bize hiç güvenmiyor. – Halil doesn’t trust us at all.
Arkadaşlar toplantıya başlıyoruz. – Friends, we’re starting the meeting.
Ben sana söz vermedim. – I didn’t promise you.
Dilek her zaman bize engel oluyor. – Dilek always gets in our way.
Sen bana karışma! – Don’t interfere with me!
Hepimiz bu habere çok sevindik. – We all were very happy about this news.
Hepimiz bu habere çok üzüldük. – We all were very sad about this news.
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